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Brief Analysis
Les Aspin Memorial Lecture:
Economic Security and the Middle East
On March 8, 1999, Undersecretary of State Stuart Eizenstat delivered The Washington Institute's Third Les Aspin Memorial Lecture honoring the late chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, secretary of defense, and member of the Institute's Board of Advisors. The following is a rapporteur's summary of the forum's question-and-answer session
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Stuart Eizenstat
Brief Analysis
Turkish Defense Policy
On March 3, 1999, Hikmet Sami Turk, Turkish minister of defense, addressed The Washington Institute's Special Policy Forum. The following is a rapporteur's summary of the forum's question-and-answer session. Read his opening remarks. Relations with Iraq The Iraqi question can only be resolved peacefully, but Iraq must comply with all
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Brief Analysis
The Judiciary and Executions in the Palestinian Authority
On March 10, the Palestinian judicial system sentenced yet another security official to death -- the fourth such sentence in the past six months. That was an ironic way to end a week of festivities celebrating Palestinian democratic achievements, which had been kicked off by the Palestinian Authority's (PA) first
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David Schenker
Brief Analysis
Defending against the Middle Eastern Ballistic Missile Threat
The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) has its roots in the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program introduced in 1983 by then-President Ronald Reagan. Ever since, the proliferation of missiles and their use during conflicts (such as the Gulf War) or for political purposes (as in China and Taiwan) have created
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Brief Analysis
Les Aspin Memorial Lecture:
Economic Security and the Middle East (full transcript)
On March 8, 1999, Undersecretary of State Stuart Eizenstat delivered The Washington Institute's Third Les Aspin Memorial Lecture honoring the late chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, secretary of defense, and member of the Institute's Board of Advisors. Following is the full text of his remarks as prepared for
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Stuart Eizenstat
Brief Analysis
U.S. Policy and the Iraqi Opposition:
A Cautious Start
A leading Iraqi opposition group, the Iraqi National Congress (INC), recently announced that its political convention will meet in Washington in late April. Despite the U.S. administration's new policy calling for an end to the Iraqi regime, its approach to the Iraqi opposition has thus far been cautious and limited
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Alan Makovsky
Brief Analysis
The Rise of Bashar al-Asad
March 8, 1999, marks the thirty-sixth anniversary of the Syrian "revolution" -- the coup d'etat that installed the Ba'th Party as the preeminent force in Syrian politics. This anniversary comes just one month after Syrian president Hafiz al-Asad was re-elected to his fifth seven-year term of office, which will end
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David Schenker
Brief Analysis
Israel's Impending 'Revolution in Security Affairs'?
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) is considering a number of organizational changes that together could constitute the most far-reaching restructuring of the IDF since the establishment of the state. Although some of the proposed changes -- such as the creation of a strategic forces command -- are likely to enhance
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In-Depth Reports
Dollars and Diplomacy?
The Impact of U.S. Economic Initiatives on the Arab-Israeli Peace Process
The United States devotes considerable effort -- more than $5 billion a year in aid, as well as many hours urging senior Arab and European officials to attend high-level meetings -- to promoting the twin goals of economic prosperity and economic cooperation among states and peoples in the Levant. U.S
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Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
Iran's Domestic Infighting Worsens
Tomorrow's municipal elections, the first ever in Iran, have been the occasion for the latest round in the infighting between Iranian hardliners and moderates. That infighting has gotten progressively worse since President Muhammad Khatami took office in August 1997, and it has stymied progress on pressing economic problems and on
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Patrick Clawson
Brief Analysis
The Ocalan Affair:
What's Next?
The arrest of Abdullah Ocalan is a U.S. victory in the global war against terrorism; for elated Turks, it is the equivalent of Israel's 1976 Entebbe rescue operation or the United Kingdom's 1982 Falklands victory -- a thrilling national triumph after a long period of frustration. Now, having supplied crucial
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Alan Makovsky
Brief Analysis
Saudi Arabia's Emerging Energy Policy:
The Role for U.S. Firms
Spurred by comments made by Crown Prince Abdullah during his October visit to the United States, U.S. oil firms have high hopes that they may be able to become more active in Saudi Arabia. Last week, Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson visited the kingdom to discuss the issue, with mixed
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Brief Analysis
Army and Society in Israel:
An Evolving Relationship
Traditionally, civil-military relations in Israel have been characterized by a very high degree of synchronization, manifesting itself at the elite level in a civil-military partnership and at the popular level in a designation of Israel as a "nation in arms" and of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) as a "people's
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Brief Analysis
Is Islamism Dead?
The Future of Islamism in the Muslim World
The most elaborate argument that political Islam is dead first came from Olivier Roy in 1992 in his book later translated as The Failure of Political Islam. Roy argues Islamism is political activism that aims to achieve political power. He claims Islamism has been eclipsed by neofundamentalism, which is the
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Articles & Testimony
Jordan's Survivor Passes On
"However much one may admire the courage of this lonely young king," wrote former British minister Anthony Nutting, "it is difficult to avoid the conclusion his days are numbered." Those words appeared in the New York Herald Tribune on July 31, 1958. Yesterday, more than 40 years later, Jordan's King
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Robert Satloff
Brief Analysis
Syria's Asad:
The Approach of a Fifth Term of Office
On February 8, 1999, the citizens of Syria will go to the polls to approve Syrian president Hafiz al-Asad's candidacy for a fifth seven-year term of office as president. The previous four terms of office -- twenty-eight years of rule since he was elected president in February 1971, after a
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Brief Analysis
Jordan's Succession:
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Why change the succession from King Hussein's brother, Hassan, to his eldest son, Abdullah? The principal reason for the change appears to have been paternal loyalty taking precedence over fraternal loyalty. Rationales based on real policy differences between Hussein and Hassan should largely be discounted; if anything, the two were
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Robert Satloff
Brief Analysis
Arafat, Israeli Elections, May 4, and U.S. Policy
Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat arrived in Washington today, and if it were not for the National Prayer Breakfast brouhaha, most of the city would hardly have noticed. Although much is going on in the Middle East, from the Jordanian succession drama to the Israeli election campaign, perhaps the most intriguing
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In-Depth Reports
Middle East Governments on the World Wide Web
A survey of official Middle East government presence on the internet. The author describes how various governments have sought to keep up with expanding internet use while dealing with unique technical, economic, linguistic, and political obstacles to widespread access among their own citizenry. Includes tables and web links to several
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Articles & Testimony
Defusing the Turkish-Syrian Crisis:
Whose Triumph?
Seemingly on the verge of hostilities with Turkey in mid-October 1998, President Hafez Assad of Syria did what almost nobody expected. He backed down, and quickly. Assad pledged to meet most -- though not all -- Turkish demands that he end support for the Turkish-Kurdish separatist group known as the
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Alan Makovsky
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