All Policy Analysis by Sary Mumayiz

The Directorate of Education, Hashd al-Shaabi (DEHS) has grown into a major state-funded educational foundation that arranges university education for students related to the PMF and sends some to Iran on scholarships paid by Tehran.

A low-profile Iraqi militia that is deeply linked with Iran's Qods Force and plays important roles in storing advanced conventional weapons provided by Tehran and suppressing Iraqi moderates.

A longstanding partner to Iran's Qods Force and Lebanese Hezbollah, this militia is one of Iraq's most notorious in terms of human rights abuses and rampant criminality.

The first and best-known of the facade groups that Iran-backed militias use to conceal their involvement in operations, Kataib Sarkhat al-Quds (formerly known as Ashab al-Kahf) has a particularly strong connection to AAH and, more recently, HaN.